A chaud Société Santé

RDC : Zoonose, la frontière entre l’homme, l’animal et l’environnement

RDC : Zoonose, la frontière entre l’homme, l’animal et l’environnement

La République démocratique du Congo fait face à plusieurs cas de zoonoses depuis des décennies ( Le Mpox, la grippe aviaire, la fièvre Ebola, la COVID-19 ou le paludisme).

D’après les experts en santé (médecins), les zoonoses sont des maladies et infections (parasitaires) dont les agents se transmettent naturellement, des animaux à l’humain et vice-versa, par contact direct ou par les aliments, l’eau ou l’environnement

Selon l’OMS, en Afrique, les maladies transmises par les animaux à l’homme ont augmenté de 63 % au cours de la dernière décennie. Plusieurs raisons ont pu favoriser cette recrudescence, entre autres :

  • La modernisation : la création de routes facilite la propagation des maladies d’une zone A à une zone B.
  • La démographie : le fait que la population Africaine accroît rapidement, augmente une demande croissante d’aliments dérivés des animaux, notamment la viande, la volaille, les œufs et le lait.
  • La perturbation de l’habitat naturel: L’humain a tendance à s’imposer. Cela peut pousser ces animaux à se déplacer vers des zones à risques.

Une seule santé

Dans le but d’optimiser la cohabitation sanitaire des humains, des animaux et des écosystèmes, la Communauté internationale (l’alliance tripartite entre FAO-OIE-OMS), ont adopté en 2007 l’approche « One health » ou « Une seule santé ».

« Une seule santé » est une approche visant à optimiser la santé des humains, des animaux et des écosystèmes en intégrant ces domaines, plutôt qu’en les séparant afin de mieux traiter cette question.

En 2019, l’organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, l’organisation mondiale de la santé animale ainsi que l’organisation mondiale de la Santé ont publié le guide tripartite pour la gestion de Zoonose à travers l’approche multisectorielle One health « Une seule santé ». À ce jour, il n’existe que ce seul document de référence élaboré conjointement sur la gestion des maladies zoonotiques.

Stratégie de l’ICCN

Pour la RDC, une équipe composée des médecins humains, des médecins vétérinaires et des experts en écologie et gestion des ressources naturelles a été créée au sein de l’Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN) en vue de développer et mettre en œuvre la stratégie One Health » au sein du réseau des aires protégées.

Parmi ces mesures prises pour prévenir et atténuer le risque de propagation et de
transmission d’agents pathogènes par le commerce d’espèces sauvages et les chaînes d’approvisionnement associées, il y a la préparation et l’expédition des spécimens commercialisés.


C’est-à-dire qu’un test de dépistage des zoonoses est fait sur tous les mammifères avant de délivrer le permis d’exportation. L’autorité de l’aviation civile est informée sur les conditions de transport des spécimens.
Malgré cela, il y a encore des cas de ces maladies en RDC.

Pour pouvoir prévenir cela, il est nécessaire d’intensifier la recherche afin d’identifier les facteurs socio-économiques, environnementaux et culturels qui contribuent l’émergence et la transmission de ces maladies à tendance épidémique, afin de mieux comprendre les causes qui influent sur l’impact et la propagation des épidémies, notamment l’état immunitaire, la nutrition, la résistance génétique et antimicrobienne.

Yanne Mbiyavanga

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Changement7.net est un média d'informations en ligne au centre de l'actualité en République Domocratique du Congo.

22 Commentaires

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